Lead builds up in the body over time and can result in lead poisoning. The signs and symptoms often don’t appear until dangerous levels of lead have accumulated. Even low levels in the blood can affect the ability to pay attention, and high levels can be fatal. There is no safe blood level of lead.
Lead-based paint and dust containing lead is common in older buildings built before 1978. Lead is found in the air, soil, water, and inside homes. It has been used in products such as paint, ceramics, batteries, and plumbing materials.
Who is Most at Risk?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), children are being exposed to high levels of lead in millions of U.S. homes. Those who live at or below the poverty line who live in older houses are at the greatest risk of lead poisoning. Young children under age 6 are particularly vulnerable because their bodies absorb more lead than adults and they tend to put their hands or other objects (which could be contaminated with lead dust) into their mouths. Pregnant women and workers in certain industries (home renovation, auto repair shops, working with batteries) are also at high risk for lead poisoning.
Common Sources of Lead Exposure
Old paint manufactured prior to 1978 is a common source of lead exposure. Paint can chip and peel over time, creating lead-contaminated dust. Soil is another common source of lead, as it can be contaminated by lead from old paint, gasoline, or industrial waste.
Drinking water is another concern. Water can lead into water from lead pipes and plumbing fixtures. Household dust from deteriorating lead paint or dust brought in from an industrial environment or outdoors can contain lead. Imported items such as toys, cosmetics, and pottery can contain lead.
Construction, painting, battery recycling, and ceramics can expose workers and hobbyists to lead.
How to Prevent Lead Exposure
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends testing for lead in your home. Get a professional inspection if your home was built before 1978. You can also have your water tested, and young children can get lead screening tests at the doctor. If you need your home remodeled, hire a certified professional who can do lead-safe remodeling.
Regularly inspect and maintain painted surfaces to prevent the paint from deteriorating. Address any water damage quickly. Keep your home clean and free of dust.
Teach children not to put their hands and toys into their mouths. Wash their hands often. Eating foods rich in calcium, iron, and vitamin C can help reduce lead absorption.
Workers who are exposed to lead on the job should wear protective clothing and gear while following OSHA guidelines. Change clothing and shower before coming home.
Lead Poisoning Symptoms
It can be difficult to recognize lead poisoning since it occurs over time. However, if you suspect lead poisoning or spend a lot of time in an environment built before 1978, be on the lookout for these symptoms and talk to your healthcare provider about getting tested.
- Learning difficulties
- Irritability
- Loss of appetite/weight loss
- Sluggishness and fatigure
- Hearing loss
- Constipation
- Seizures
- Difficulty with memory/concentration
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Joint and muscle pain
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